This map layer shows the prevalence of areas between 2015 and 2017 where cannabis, coca and opium were cultivated.
Most opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) is cultivated in Afghanistan, Myanmar, Mexico and Laos (altogether 96%). The coca plant (Erythroxylum coca) is mostly cultivated in Colombia, Bolivia and Peru (99%). Countries that only produce small amounts are not listed here. For 2012, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has not published any validated figures on the cultivation of opium in Mexico. But it estimates that there are still opium fields in Mexico.
According to the UNODC World Drug Report 2018, cannabis (Cannabis sativa) is cultivated all over the world; mostly indoors in North America, Europe and Oceania. However, there is no reliable global data set on the global production volume of cannabis. The relatively constant volume of drug seizures (cannabis and cannabis products) points to a relatively constant figure. Main producers of cannabis resin for export seem to be Morocco, Afghanistan and Lebanon.
© picture alliance / dpa
Drugs and armed conflicts
In regions of conflict, drugs production and trade often play an important role besides other illegal activities. One basic question of conflict research is whether or not drugs cultivation and trade have a direct influence on armed conflict or even trigger or exacerbate such conflict.
More ...
